The techniques used in lengthening surgery are generally divided into two main categories: external fixation techniques and internal lengthening techniques. Both methods can achieve bone lengthening, but they differ in terms of application, comfort, and invasiveness.
1. External Fixation Techniques
These techniques use metal rods, rings, and other devices that are attached to the bone externally. The most commonly used external fixators are:
Ilizarov Method
Procedure: The surgeon cuts the bone and inserts a device called the Ilizarov circle into the bone. This device holds the bone fragments in place and gently moves them apart.
Advantages: The Ilizarov method is highly versatile and can be used to correct complex deformities.
Disadvantages: The device is visible from the outside, which can affect the patient’s appearance and may complicate daily activities.
Taylor Spatial Frame
Procedure: This method is similar to the Ilizarov method but uses a computer-assisted system for more precise corrections of complex deformities.
Advantages: Precise adjustments can be made to ensure accurate bone lengthening.
Disadvantages: It can be more complicated to use, and, like the Ilizarov method, the device is visible externally.
2. Internal Lengthening Techniques
In these techniques, an internal device is used to extend the bone. This method is typically less invasive and offers more comfort for the patient.
Procedure: The bone is surgically cut, and an internal device is used to gradually lengthen it. This technique is less visible and more comfortable than external fixation, allowing for more normal daily activities.
Advantages: Internal lengthening techniques generally provide a more aesthetic result, as the device is not visible from the outside. They are also typically less painful, and there is a lower risk of complications such as infections.
Disadvantages: Internal devices can sometimes be more expensive than external fixators, and the process of lengthening may take longer in some cases.
